Ramy Youssef is an Egyptian American in post 9/11 America. Ramy faces dissonance in all choices that deeply impacts his life. (Choices around substances, intimate relationships, business, choices, food). This causes him deep conflict within himself.

For Kant, there are two families of religion: the religion of cult, which seeks "favours of God," teaching prayer, but, in essence, it does not enjoin him to act.

Moral religion, by contrast, is interested in the good conduct of life; it enjoins him to action, it subordinates knowledge to it, prescribing that man become better by acting to this end, in accordance with the following principle: "It is not essential and hence not necessary for everyone to know what God does or has done for his salvation,' but it is essential to know what man himself must do in order to become worthy of this assistance.

Irrefutable means something that cannot be contested. Empirical means something that is capable of being verified or disproved by observation or experiment. Scientific means relating to, or exhibiting the methods or principles of systematic science. X is an atheist who has found irrefutable empirical scientific evidence that God exists.

Last week, Richard Dawkins, one of the so-called “four horsemen” of the New Atheists and longtime implacable foe of Christianity, made a fascinating confession: "I call myself a cultural Christian. I’m not a believer, but there’s a distinction between being a believing Christian and being a cultural Christian. … I love hymns and Christmas carols, and I sort of feel at home in the Christian ethos" . in a similar vein, Dhruv Rathi, a popular YouTuber, has publicly described himself as a Hindu atheist.

For Kant, there are two families of religion: the religion of cult, which seeks "favours of God," teaching prayer, but, in essence, it does not enjoin him to act.

Moral religion, by contrast, is interested in the good conduct of life; it enjoins him to action, it subordinates knowledge to it, prescribing that man become better by acting to this end, in accordance with the following principle: "It is not essential and hence not necessary for everyone to know what God does or has done for his salvation,' but it is essential to know what man himself must do in order to become worthy of this assistance.

Irrefutable means something that cannot be contested. Empirical means something that is capable of being verified or disproved by observation or experiment. Scientific means relating to, or exhibiting the methods or principles of systematic science. X is an atheist who has found irrefutable empirical scientific evidence that God exists.

Last week, Richard Dawkins, one of the so-called “four horsemen” of the New Atheists and longtime implacable foe of Christianity, made a fascinating confession: "I call myself a cultural Christian. I’m not a believer, but there’s a distinction between being a believing Christian and being a cultural Christian. … I love hymns and Christmas carols, and I sort of feel at home in the Christian ethos" . in a similar vein, Dhruv Rathi, a popular YouTuber, has publicly described himself as a Hindu atheist.

Jury nullification is when the jury in a criminal trial gives a verdict of not guilty even if they think the defendant has broken the law.

Rissotanio Dascopta is the new leader of one of the five most influential italian mafia families in New York during the 1950s. The Dascopta family has been in the mafia business for multiple generations. One day, Dascopta finds out that his brother, Isahnio Dascopta, is cooperating with other families, revealing crucial information to them. The source of the leak has 100% been verified to be Isahnio. Isahnio earnestly claims that it was a mistake.

 In Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, Shylock is a Jewish moneylender in 16th century Italy, who lends 3,000 ducats to Antonio, a Christian merchant, under a contract that demands a pound of Antonio’s flesh if the loan is not repaid. When Antonio defaults, Shylock insists on the bond, refusing monetary compensation and seeking legal justice instead. The play unfolds in a deeply anti-Semitic Venetian society, where Shylock faces humiliation and discrimination from Christians. His insistence on the bond is often seen as both an act of vengeance and a cry for justice in a system biased against him. To be merciful or to not be merciful? 

Frida Kahlo’s paintings are deeply personal, often autobiographical, depicting her physical pain (from her accident, surgeries, and lifelong health struggles), emotional turmoil (her turbulent relationship with Diego Rivera, miscarriages, and infertility), and her identity (Mexican heritage, womanhood, political beliefs) Kahlo sees herself as a realist, however widespread public perception by the art community and critics consider her a surrealist. André Breton, the founder of Surrealism, visited Mexico in the 1930s and described Kahlo as a natural surrealist, “a ribbon around a bomb.” He showcased her work in Paris as part of the Surrealist movement. Kahlo herself resisted this, saying “They thought I was a surrealist, but I wasn’t. I never painted dreams. I painted my own reality.”

"Pink Glasses" are glasses that block any object or image that triggers unpleasant emotions to the person wearing them. For example, if a person finds sexualized advertisements, certain art or even homeless people unpleasant, they will not see them when wearing the glasses. The technology is affordable and widely accessible.

Cultural relativism refers to assessing the moral value of an act relative to the norms and standards of its own culture. Cultural relativism is often used in defense of practices seen as immoral or reprehensible by outsiders, e.g. arranged marriages are morally acceptable in some South Asian countries due to its historical and cultural significance, but is frowned upon elsewhere.

Context for Motion 2 The "Teacher Draft' program would require university graduates from all disciplines, who finish in the top 5% of their cohort, to be employed and teach at a primary or secondary school in a low socio economic area in the country they went to university in, for at least 2 years after graduation. (In all other respects, this functions similarly to regular employment.)